Array in C:-
Array in C is a variable that can hold more than one similar type of element. It is sequential in nature.
- Array index starts from zero which is known as the lower boundary of an array.
- Array upper boundary is (Array size-1).
- To access each element of array called traversing of the array .
- The main objective of an array to create a list.
There are two types of array:-
- Single dimensional Array
- Double Dimensional Array
- A dimensional array is a collection of the n-1 dimensional array.
- The double dimensional array is a collection of the single-dimensional array.
Array Declaration:-
To declare an array it requires the type of element and the number of elements required by an array.
Type arrayname[arraysize];
Ex:- int p[5];
Initialization of an array:-
In c we can initialize of an array by individually and by a statement.
Ex:-
Int p[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
To initialize a single element of an array
As per the previous example:-
Int p[4]=5;
- The array name is a constant pointer which gives the address of the 0th element of an array
- Limitation of an array is
a) Unused memory of an array can’t be used
b) Array size can’t be changed in run time
- One array can’t be assigned to another array, because both are a constant pointer.
- Turbo C does not allow zero-length array size but GCC allows zero-length and variable-length array size.
- The size of the zero-length array size is 0
- One array can not directly copy to another array by just equating two.
- Array name can not be incremented and decremented, because it is a constant pointer.
- Malloc memory allocation is single dimensional array equivalent and calloc memory allocation is double dimensional array equivalent
- The major difference between strcpy and strncpy is strcpy copy the whole string includes null character but strncpy does not copy null character.
- A double dimensional array is a collection of the single-dimensional array, where every single dimensional array must be used for a different purpose
- Visiting double dimensional array in row-major is always faster than column-major.
- Array name + 1 = Address of next element if it is single dimensional array
- Array name + 1 = Address of next array if it is double dimensional array
- To get the address of any element of a double array use
- Address = base address+(row number * row size + col number) + size of element
- The array can be represented as a subscript and pointer format.
Program to access each element of an array:-
main() { int p[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; int i; for(int i=0;i<5;i++) { printf("%d",p[i]); } } O/P=1 2 3 4 5
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