Transforming I/O request to Hardware Operations
Consider reading a file from disk for a process: Determine device holding file Translate name to device representation Physically read
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Operating System
Kernel I/O Subsystem
The kernel provides many services related to I/O. Several services (i.e. scheduling, buffering, caching, spooling, device reservation and error handling)
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Disk Management in Operating System
Disk Management The operating system is responsible for several aspects of disk management. Disk Formatting A new magnetic disk is
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Hard Disk Structure
Disk Structure The magnetic disk provides the bulk of secondary storage for modern computer systems. Each disk platter has a
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File Directory Structure
A directory is an object that contains the names of file system objects. The file system allows users to organize
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File Access Method
Access Methods When a file is used, this information must be accessed and read into computer memory. The information in
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Types of file
Types of File:- Types of file, The files are classified into different categories as follows: The name is split into
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File Operation
The operating system can provide system calls to create, write, read, reposition, delete, and truncate files. The file operations are
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File System Interface
The file system provides the mechanism for online storage of and access to both data and programs of the operating
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Allocation Of Frames
Allocation Of Frames When a page fault occurs, there is a free frame available to store a new page into
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Page Replacement Algorithm
Page Replacement Algorithm:- The page replacement is a mechanism that loads a page from disc to memory when a page
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Demand Paging
Demand Paging A demand-paging system is similar to a paging system with swapping. Generally, Processes reside on secondary memory (which
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Virtual Memory
Virtual Memory virtual memory in Operating System is a technique that allows the execution of processes that may not be
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Segmentation
Segmentation is a memory-management scheme that supports user view of memory. A program is a collection of segments. A segment
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Non-contiguous memory allocation
Non-contiguous memory allocation In non-contiguous memory allocation, it is allowed to store the processes in non-contiguous memory locations. There
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Partition Selection policy & Fragmentation
Partition Selection policy: Partition Selection policy, When the multiple memory holes (partitions) are large enough to contain a process, the
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Memory Allocation
Memory Allocation Memory allocation, The main memory must accommodate both the operating system and the various user processes. We
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Logical- Versus Physical-Address Space
Logical- Versus Physical-Address Space Logical versus physical Address, The logical address is a virtual address. It can be viewed by the
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Memory management
Memory Management Memory management,In a uni-programming system, main memory is divided into two parts: one part for the operating system
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